Official Records, Ser. By 1863, the rooms became so crowded that the prisoners had to sleep "spoon-fashion". Both men were members of the 5th Regiment Indiana Cavalry (90th Regiment Indiana Voluntary) Company I. For the discussion and sharing of information regarding the Civil War prisoner of war camps and prisoners of war, both Union and Confederate. They constructed the 53-foot long tunnel in 17 days. The Libby Prison escape was a prison escape from Libby Prison, a Confederate prison at Richmond, Virginia in February 1864 that saw over 100 Union prisoners-of-war escape from captivity. The building was 3 stories at the front, 4 stories in the rear, and measured almost 45,000 square feet. Hemmerlein, Richard F. Prisons and Prisoners of the Civil War. New York: Greenwich Book Publishers, 1956. He would eventually be dispised by the prisoners. After a short lull during the prisoner exchange program, the population quickly rose to over 4,000 and was never less than 1,200 prisoners on each floor, or an average of 400 to each room. List of non-commissioned officers of the Benton Barracks cadets, Sept 1861-Jan 1862 Vol 70 Reports of prisons and hospitals and of prisoners at roll calls, Mar- Aug 1862 List of prisoners in the hospital List of escaped prisoners Mar-May 1862 Mess reports, prisons No's 1 and 2, 1862 List of prisoners showing discharges and deaths. Stanford Libraries' official online search tool for books, media, journals, databases, government documents and more. They were soon moved out due to severe overcrowding. Black servants (captured Northerners) served the white officers, and there was running water and even primitive flush toilets. They reported plentiful books, games of whist, and classes in Greek. © 2021 mycivilwar.com - All rights reserved. Nearly all of the tobacco factories and warehouses used to confine prisoners were destroyed by the fire. The prison became one of a number of prisons that had a prison newspaper, the Libby Prison Chronicle. In addition to their names, information that may be listed for each soldier includes regiment, company, and rank. By September 23, the prison was closed. The only tools which they had to use in the long tunnel digging were an old pocket knife, some chisels, a piece of rope, a rubber cloth and a wooden spittoon. As it appeared August 23, 1863 / A. Hoen & Co. Richmond, Va. Summary Print shows three men and a child standing in the foreground with tents labeled "C.S.A." Bartleson, Frederick A. He was paroled in June 1866. Civil War Prisoners Of War Database . The rooms did not have any furniture, the ventilation was poor, and the lighting was gloomy. His journal extends from that date to March, 1864. Each individual’s name has been indexed and is searchable in this database. Ohio Prisoner of War Camp Sources. Union Prisoner Of War Records . Search, View, Print Union & Confederate Civil War Prisoner of War Records, 1861-1865. It was somewhat isolated and could be easily guarded. Rose was one of the unlucky, finding himself back in Libby. VIII, p. 783 11/3/1865; letter to Stanton names Alexander and Turner as being guilty of cruelty to prisoners. Libby Prison, Richmond, Virginia. Microfilm series M918 contains a register of Confederate soldiers, sailors, and citizens who died in Federal prisons and military hospitals in the North between 1861 and 1865. Although the prison had running water, the water used by the prisoners was taken from the river, which was usually of poor quality. Wood rations were limited to only 1 or 2 armloads a day. The best known prisoner housed in Libby was the eccentric Union Cavalry commander, Gen. H. Judson Kilpatrick, who led the unsuccessful raid on Richmond. U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865, U.S., Union Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865, Provided in association with National Archives and Records Administration. 1 print : lithograph, color ; sheet 26 x 52 cm. This database contains an index to compiled service records (CSRs) for soldiers who served with units in the Confederate army. The sign over the north-west corner reading \"L. Libby & Son, Ship Chandlers\" was never removed, and consequently the building and prison bore his name. Prisoners complained of short rations, cold, and lice, yet many were able to buy extra provisions and receive packages from home. The database is comprised of four National Archives (NARA) microfilm series (M1303, M598, M2702, and M918). On April 2, 1865, Richmond was under orders to evacuate the city. II, Vol. Civil War Rosters By State . The appendix (p. 205-221) contains a list of Libby prisoners who requested its publication (Dec. 1863). The dead bodiea were placed in the west cellar. The building was converted into a prison in 1861, and was used as such until the end of the war. Elmira Prison: The Union version of Andersonville. The guards lived in tents on the vacant lots nearby. ? ... Prisoner Lookup By Name. immediately behind them and the Libby Prison building in the background. Descendants of Point Lookout POW Organization A prison camp for Confederate prisoners of war was built at Point Lookout, Md., on the tip of the peninsula where the Potomac River joins Chesapeake Bay. The prison was in a cotton warehouse by the Alabama River. Half of the prison's 76 windows were without glass in them. In the 1961 film Mysterious Island, Union soldiers Cyrus Harding ( Michael Craig ), Herbert Brown ( Michael Callan) and Neb (Dan Jackson), along with Union war correspondent Gideon Spillet ( Gary Merrill) and Confederate sergeant Pencroft ( Percy Herbert) escape from Libby Prison via … It gained an infamous reputation for the harsh conditions under which prisoners from the Union Army were kept. Libby, serving as the headquarters for the Confederate States Military Prisons since the first of the year, 1863, was the depot prisoin to which all prisoners were brought before being transferred to other facilities in or outside the city. MA Ryan, Co B 14th Miss Vol Inf CSA. His journal extends from that date to March, 1864. The inside was divided into 3 sections by thick walls that extended up from the basement to the roof. Camp Chase Prison: I suppose if one had to be a prisoner, there were far worse camps than this one. He was furloughed on December 11, 1864 for 30 days with orders to report to Camp Chase after his leave. In need of a new prison for captured Union officers, Confederate soldiers gave Libby 48 hours to evacuate his property.. The prisoners were to occupy the 2 upper floors, or 6 upper rooms. He was also hated by the prisoners. Why his name is missing is a mystery. Each story was divided into 3 low, oblong rooms measuring 45x90 feet, with exposed beams. These records are arranged alphabetically by the name of the state each unit was from, then by type of unit, regiment number, and company. Cavada, lieutenant colonel of the 114th Pennsylvania volunteers, was captured at Gettysburg, July, 1863. Civil War Prisoner List Confederate . This gave the appearance from the back that the building was made up of 3 smaller buildings built side by side. His brother-in-law, James D. Foduray was also a POW prisoner at Florence, South Carolina. War Department Collection of Confederate Records, Record Group 109; National Archives, Washington, D.C. The kitchen was the only place in the building that a prisoner could have free access. They operated a ship's chandlery and grocery business.The Confederate government started to use the facility as a hospital and prison in 1861, reserving it for Union officers in 1862 because of the influx of prisoners. Belle Isle Prisoner of War Camp. Libby Prison, Castle Thunder, Castle Lightning, and Belle Isle are representative of the prisons in Richmond, distinct in the captives they held and in the daily life of those imprisoned. A view of prisoner of war camp that operated along the Chemung River in Elmira during the Civil War. ft. 249.1 ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY. The prison was briefly used as the main hospital for all of Richmond's prisoners in the summer of 1862. "At its peak in 1864 and 1865, 3,000 men were housed there in with an average living space of only six square feet, by far the most crowded of any prison, north or south. The third in command was George Emack, who later received a Lieutenant commission. By 3:00 A.M. on the April 3, Richmond was abandoned and in flames. Most of the men whose names appear in this index served with units from 15 different states or territories; others were soldiers raised directly by the Confederate government, generals and staff officers, and other enlisted men not associated with a regiment. Confederate authorities tried to head off negative opinion by inviting in outside observers. The database is comprised of four National Archives (NARA) microfilm series (M1303, M598, M2702, and M918). The prison was located in a three-story brick warehouse on two levels on Tobacco Row at the waterfront of the James River. Though more than 12,000 Confederate POWs were assigned to the Elmira prison camp, there was only enough barrack space for 5,000 prisoners. By 1864, the conditions in the prison continued to get worse. Online searchable database. By 1863, the daily rations were getting smaller. The Libby building, the only building in the area to have running water, was considered an ideal site by the Confederate authorities. A daily ration then consisted of a couple of ounces of meat, 1/2 pound of bread, and a small cup of beans or rice. Union & Confederate Civil War Prisoner of War Records, 1861-1865. Thus, enlisted men would come to Libby Prison, be registered as POWs, and then be transferred elsewhere (Belle Isle, Pemberton, etc). It was about 135-feet wide and extended 90-feet back. The windows at the prison were broken out during the summer for relief from the heat, and now the cold weather came in the broken windows. About U.S., Civil War Prisoner of War Records, 1861-1865 This database contains records relating to Civil War Prisoners of War (POW). Union Lt. John Bishop was placed in charge of the prison during the occupation of Richmond. Libby Prison was one of the famous prisons located in Richmond. The bodies were taken to Oakwood Cemetery for burial. If he was being held in Libby, or anywhere in Richmond, it must have been in the spring of '65. Cavada, lieutenant colonel of the 114th Pennsylvania Volunteers, was captured at Gettysburg, July, 1863. McCreery, William B. Lists of Confederates Captured at Vicksburg, Mississippi, July 4, 1863; (National Archives Microfilm Publication M2072, 1 roll); War Department Collection of Confederate Records, Record Group 109; National Archives, Washington, D.C. Register of Confederate Soldiers, Sailors, and Citizens who Died in Federal Prisons and Military Hospitals in the North, 1861-1865; (National Archives Microfilm Publication M918, 1 roll); Records of the Office of the Quartermaster General, Record Group 92; National Archives, Washington, D.C. Register of departures of prisoners from Andersonville, Register of admittances to the prison hospital (original and copy), Register of prisoners confined at the prison hospital, Register of prisoners’ deaths and burials (original and copy), Lists of prisoners claiming reimbursement for money taken from them by Confederate authorities, Consolidated monthly strength reports of prisoners (original and copy), Series of provision returns of the prison hospital, Name index to the original hospital register of admittances, Partial name index to one of the burial lists, Registers of prisoners’ applications for release and decisions, Descriptive lists of prisoners and deserters, Register of prisoners ordered to be released, Register of applications made for release of prisoners, Register of unclaimed money and valuables belonging to prisoners, Register of the effects of deceased prisoners, Permits granted by the Commissary General of Prisoners for clothing for the prisoners, Numeric report of prisoners received, transferred, paroled, released, and deceased, Register of Confederate and Federal soldiers and civilians sentenced, Register of prisoners discharged and released, Register of prisoners transferred and escaped. I… The Union troops were upon the city and all of the prison commandants were to evacuate their prisons, leaving back only the sick and prisoners too weak to move. Still, inmates' letters fueled Northern reports of inhumane conditions, especially after sentries were ordered to shoot anyone appearing at the windows, and hundreds of pounds of gunpowder were ominously placed in the cellar following a mass escape early in 1864. By far the most well known of the Civil War Prisons. This is a list of notable prisoners of war (POW) whose imprisonment attracted notable attention or influence, or who became famous afterwards.. Ron Arad — Israeli fighter pilot, shot down over Lebanon in 1986.He has not been seen or heard from since 1988 and is widely presumed to be dead. Revolutionary War; Tripolitan War; Tecumseh's War; War of 1812; Creek Indian War; The First Seminole War; Texas Revolutionary War; Second Seminole War By autumn of 1863, conditions at the prison became so bad that many of Richmond's former prisons were now being used as prison hospitals. Richard "Dick" Turner was captured and confined at the prison for a short time, but escaped. Records contained in this series include: Microfilm series M2072 contains lists of Confederate soldiers who were captured at Vicksburg, Mississippi on 4 July 1863. It was arranged for all of the windows and doors to have flat-iron bars installed over them and makeshift water closets to be built on each floor. No new records were added. Microfilm series M1303 contains records relating to Federal or Union POWs that were held by Confederate authorities at Camp Sumter, Andersonville, Georgia between February 1864 and April 1865. Smallpox and diseases were increasing dramatically. They were packed so tight that when they slept, it became the responsibility of the highest ranking man in each room to call out "spoon over!" Many escapes occurred. Scurvey, chronic diarrhea, dysentary, and typhoid pneumonia became the most prevalent diseases and, before long, 2 or 3 deaths a day were not uncommon. The first group of prisoners arrived on March 26, 1862, when more than 500 prisoners came from Richmond's surrounding prisons The first registered prisoner was Mr. Philander A. Streator of Holyoke, Massachusetts. Bishop had been a former commandant of Gratiot Street Prison in St. Louis. Records contained in this series include: Microfilm series M598 contains records relating to Confederate POWs that were held by Federal authorities at various prisons and stations from 1861 to 1865 (with a few records from 1866). These records are arranged in three sections: (1) records of POWs and political prisoners with no specific prison or place of confinement, (2) records of individual prisons and stations, and (3) records of several prisons. The Civil War Research Database list a number of men of the regiment who died at Andersonville during the same time period of his death. Letter from Libby Prison. Prior to use as a jail, the warehouse had been leased by Capt. To browse this image set, select from the options below. Prisoners were processed from Belle Isle through Libby Prison until the prison was nearly vacant. He was in the 1st Alabama, when captured in 1863, he would have been sent to a Union prison. This database contains an index of compiled military service records for volunteer Union soldiers who served with units organized in more than 20 states and territories, including states in the Confederacy. He was later exchanged on April 30, 1864. Situated in a neighborhood that had several warehouses, a number of shanties, an old meeting house, several stables, and numerous vacant lots. The west room was to be used as the quarters for prison officials, and the basement was divided into dungeons for the confinement and punishment of unruly prisoners. 48 were recaptured and 59 were able to reach Union lines, but 2 drowned. She is also credited with arranging for a number of men to escape, tho no tunnel existed between the prison and her Church Hill home, as has been said. 10/12/1865; post-war account of conditions at Libby Prison, Castle Godwin and other prisons during the war. There was an increase in illness among the prisoners. Prominent prisons in Virginia included Libby Prison, Belle Isle, Castle Thunder, and Danville Prison. Luther Libby and his son George W. Libby. They were head to foot in alternating rows along the floor. When Richmond fell into Union hands, up to 700 Confederates were gathered from around the city and confined at Libby Prison. Lt. Thomas Pratt Turner was the prison's first commandant. The prison grew to 700 only after 3 days after opening, and another 600 political prisoners were added a few days later. Cahaba Prison was located near Selma, Alabama, in the now vanished town of Cahawba, Dallas County. Brigadier General August Willich (1810-1878), captured at the Battle of Stones River, is shown reading in bed, at right. He was as ruthless as "Dick" Turner and was equally hated by the prisoners. It was in operation off and on from 1862 to April 1865. My great great cousin and his brother-in-law were both in the Civil War. It was one of the most successful prison breaks of the American Civil War.. About 10 percent of these soldiers died in prison from battle wounds, disease, and unhealthy conditions. N.P., 1865. Conditions were harsh, but thanks to a humane prison director and the kindn… The second in command was Richard R. "Dick" Turner. It is stated that she obtained much valuable information from the men there and passed it thru her efficient agents to the Union. Pequot War; French & Iroquois Wars; King Philip's War; Pueblo Rebellion; King William's War; Queen Anne's War; Tuscarora War; Dummer's War; King George's War; French & Indian War; Pontiac's Rebellion; Lord Dunmore's War; American Wars . | Print shows the interior of Libby Prison, Richmond, Virginia with Union officers and soldiers sitting or standing in groups. James died there of starvation. The prison was guarded by 2 companies of 30 soldiers each. The appendix (p. 205-221) contains a list of Libby prisoners who requested its publication (Dec. 1863) This index also includes Confederate soldiers who later served with the Union Army. Each room had only 2 stoves and held about 400 prisoners. Civil War Prisoners List . The middle room on the 1st floor was to be used for cooking. David Heidler et al, eds. My wife's ancestor George A. Bradley was twice a prisoner at Libby Prison. There were, however, many activities that the prisoners did engage in during the daytime. p. 1180. a b c "Libby Prison", Encyclopedia Virginia, accessed 21 April 2012 He quickly attracted the hatred of the prisoners because of his haste in using physical punishment. explanation of the records (which is listed as an index) and 429 volumes of Confederate Prisoners of War records The prisoners suffered from the intense cold weather. throughout the night to enable everyone to roll over in unison. There was 30 guards on duty at all times. However, additional information such as their rank, company, regiment, state where from, or date of death may be listed on the original document and may be found by viewing the image. Boston: The Christopher Publishing House, 1934. 249.6 RECORDS OF THE FEDERAL PRISONER-OF-WAR MILITARY PRISONS AND PRISON CAMPS 1862-65 7 lin. This database contains records relating to Civil War Prisoners of War (POW).
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